Education in the 1990s
Brianna Glowinski
Commented on Jacki Write
Introduction: The social background of the 1990s was centered around a global economy and extensive technology changes. The world was more connected than ever. The availability of information from the internet created a new found sense of informative freedom. The wave of new information available and the shift to global views lead to a lot of development around diversity and inclusion.
Highlights: Inclusive legislation created Oppurtunites for adults with disabilities. It stated their right to continuing education and forced educational institutions to develop inclusive programs. This shifted the idea of what a college student should be. “The American with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) protects adults with disabilities including learning disabilities (LD) in higher education programs and employment. Adult education and family literacy programs need to comply with the requirements of ADA. The ADA bars employment and educational discrimination against “qualified individuals with disabilities”.’ (IDAAmerica.com)
While signed into law in 2001, the No Child Left Behind Act was a topic of great importance during its development in the 1990’s. It reflects the ADAs strides in making education more inclusive. While it focuses on primary and secondary education not adults, It changes the building blocks of education for many students. In turn this effected the way post secondary education was looked at. The 1990s education shift to be more inclusive and diverse is seen in the legislation. “ (The no Child Left Behind Act) put a special focus on ensuring that states and schools boost the performance of certain groups of students, such as English-language learners, students in special education, and poor and minority children, whose achievement, on average, trails their peers.” (Kline,2023)
There was also developments in standardized testing and how it would be used to determine aptitude for higher education. For some people this testing opportunity helped base their ability to get into college off their knowledge and not their pedigree. “Standards-based education also emerged during this period . Based on the requirements of postsecondary education, which were established at the time, specific standards were set regarding what academic and practical knowledge students were required to gain during their time at various stages of school.” (EdVocate.com) This restructure put more pressure on the teachers and crated a way in which the schools and educators themselves were graded based on their students performance.
3. Influential factors: George W Bush signed No Child left behind into law in 2001, but it was drafted and debated in the 1990s.
Linda Darling-Hammond “the executive director of the National Commission of Teaching and America’s Future which, in 1996, produced a highly influential blueprint for education reform called What Matters Most: Teaching for America’s Future.”(Staff,2022)
Bill Clinton signs legislation for grants to connect schools with the internet (1997) as well as expanding charter school funding (1998)
ADA made education more attainable for Americans with Disabilities
4. Implications: The education movements of the 1990s was largely about inclusion of students and development of the educators. The bills signed into laws in that period focused on bringing up students that would have historically left behind, and also creating structure and funding for education institutions that needed an overhaul. I think these key points are a reflection of the world being connected to the internet on a global scale, and the focus on the global economy.
Areas Summary |
Social background- The internet connected the world and promoted diversity |
Highlights there was a focus on diversity and inclusion |
Influential factors No Child Left Behind, .Com boom, Americans with Disabilities act |
Implications A more connected world calls for more inclusion |
Work Cited
390, & 10. (2018, September 3). Educators: Why you need to know about the 1990s and school restructuring. The Edvocate. https://www.theedadvocate.org/educators-need-know-1990s-school-restructuring/
Author links open overlay panelPasi Sahlberg 1, 1, AbstractReforming national education systems has become a global phenomenon. International education development literature describes education policies and consequent reforms in different countries around the world. This article describes the emergence o, Abu-Alhija, F. N., Pfeffer, F., Abrams, S., Alexander, K., Apple, M. W., Ball, S., Berliner, D. C., Emler, T. E., Fischman, G., Friedman, M., Fullan, M., Fuller, K., Haertel, E. H., Hargreaves, A., Heyneman, S., Hood, C. C., … Levin, B. (2023, February 18). Trends in global education reform since the 1990 s: Looking for the right way. International Journal of Educational Development. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0738059323000251
Klein, A. (2023, November 9). No child left behind: An overview. Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/no-child-left-behind-an-overview/2015/04
Overview and inventory of State Education Reforms: 1990 to 2000. (n.d.). https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/2003020.pdf
Staff, T., & About The Author TeachThought Staff TeachThought is an organization dedicated to innovation in education through the growth of outstanding teachers. (2022a, December 23). 11 people changing education as we know it. TeachThought. https://www.teachthought.com/the-future-of-learning/people-changing-education/
Support and resources for adults with LD. Learning Disabilities Association of America. (n.d.). https://ldaamerica.org/adults/?audience=Adults
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